Costa Rica is often called the “Switzerland of Central America,” not only for its political stability but also for the values its people hold dear: liberty, peace, and personal independence. These ideals are not just abstract concepts—they are woven deeply into the nation’s history, culture, and way of life. To understand why Costa Ricans love these principles so highly, we must look back at their colonial roots, the struggles of early settlers, and the evolution of the modern Costa Rican society.
A Land Slightly Forgotten
Christopher Columbus arrived on the Atlantic coast of what is now Costa Rica in 1502, at the present-day town of Limón. Unlike other parts of Central America, Costa Rica offered very little in terms of gold or mineral wealth, which meant that few Spaniards were drawn to settle there. By 1573, only about 50 Spanish families had established themselves, mainly around the colonial capital of Cartago. Most lived on isolated farms, struggling to survive in a rugged, mountainous environment with limited resources.
This early isolation had a profound effect on the development of Costa Rican society. The country remained largely ignored by the Spanish crown, as the colonial government in Guatemala was a three-day horse ride away. The Catholic Church exerted minimal influence, and the rigid hierarchical social structures seen elsewhere in Spanish colonies never took root. This lack of external control allowed early Costa Ricans—primarily independent farmers—to cultivate a culture that prized self-reliance, autonomy, and a simple, peaceful way of life.
The Independent Yeoman Farmer
The foundation of Costa Rica’s love for liberty can be traced to its independent yeoman farmers. These were people who tilled their own plots of land, raised their families, and survived largely on their own effort. There was no powerful aristocracy, no large landowners to dominate the peasants, and no external authority constantly enforcing control. People learned to manage their affairs, resolve disputes locally, and live without interference.
In a way, the struggle to survive instilled a respect for independence and personal responsibility. Each family worked hard in the sun, cultivating crops, raising livestock, and ensuring their own survival. Over generations, this nurtured a culture that values personal freedom, resilience, and the ability to make one’s own way in the world.
Early Commerce and Struggle
Commerce in early Costa Rica grew slowly. Tobacco was one of the first crops cultivated, but its poor quality limited trade. Cocoa, another attempted cash crop, also failed—often due to attacks from pirates along the Atlantic coast who would plunder the crops. Despite these challenges, Costa Ricans persisted, developing a culture of self-sufficiency and resourcefulness.
It wasn’t until the introduction of coffee cultivation in the late 18th and early 19th centuries that Costa Rica began to prosper economically. The rich volcanic soil produced high-quality beans that were in demand in Europe. A small class of wealthy coffee farmers emerged, forming a nascent high society. These families invested in education, built impressive homes, and even funded national projects, such as the National Theater in San José, which brought European operas and performers to the country.
Yet, even as wealth appeared, Costa Rican society retained its emphasis on equality and personal liberty. Unlike other countries in the region, it avoided entrenched aristocracies, allowing the majority of the population to maintain a sense of independence and self-determination.
Peace and No Standing Army
One of the clearest expressions of Costa Rica’s commitment to peace came in 1949, when the country abolished its standing army under the leadership of José Figueres Ferrer, known as the “Grandfather of Costa Rica.” This historic decision redirected resources that would have supported a military toward education, healthcare, and social development.
Today, Costa Rica enjoys political stability that is rare in Central America. The absence of a military has reinforced a culture of diplomacy, negotiation, and peaceful coexistence. Costa Ricans take pride in their ability to resolve conflicts without resorting to violence, and this ethos permeates both national policy and daily life.
Education and Social Progress
Costa Ricans are among the most educated people in Latin America. The country boasts a literacy rate of approximately 95%, reflecting a long-standing commitment to public education. Schools teach not only academic subjects but also civic values, social responsibility, and an appreciation for the natural environment.
Healthcare is another area where Costa Rica exemplifies its commitment to human well-being. The Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social provides universal health coverage, ensuring that citizens can access medical care at low cost. This focus on education, health, and social welfare contributes to a sense of personal security, allowing Costa Ricans to live free from constant worry—another core aspect of the national love for liberty and peace.
Strong Family Values
“Pura Vida,” Costa Rica’s iconic motto, reflects the cultural importance of family, community, and quality of life. Families are tightly knit, and older generations are cared for within the household rather than in nursing facilities. Children grow up with a strong sense of connection to their relatives, their neighbors, and their environment. This social structure fosters both personal independence and communal responsibility—a balance that defines Costa Rican life.
Religion and Culture
Costa Rica does not have a formal separation of church and state. The Catholic Church is the official religion, and Christian values are instilled in schools from an early age. This spiritual foundation reinforces ethical behavior, respect for others, and a sense of moral responsibility. Religion, however, exists alongside a secular emphasis on civic duty and personal freedom, creating a society that balances tradition with modernity.
Challenges in Costa Rican Society
While Costa Rica is often celebrated for its stability and quality of life, it is not without challenges. Petty theft is a concern, particularly in urban areas, making vigilance important for residents and visitors alike. Driving can be hazardous due to a culture of speeding and limited adherence to traffic rules. Additionally, the cost of living in Costa Rica is higher than in neighboring countries such as Nicaragua and Panama.
Despite these issues, Costa Rica has managed to maintain high social cohesion, low unemployment, and a thriving tourism sector. Ecotourism, coffee, bananas, and increasingly pineapples are the pillars of the economy, providing livelihoods while promoting sustainability.
Tourism and Ecotourism
Tourism is Costa Rica’s top economic driver. The country has capitalized on its natural beauty, biodiversity, and conservation policies to become a world leader in ecotourism. Visitors flock to see rainforests, volcanoes, waterfalls, and pristine beaches, while also experiencing the local culture and values.
By protecting nearly 30% of its land in national parks and wildlife refuges, Costa Rica has created a sustainable tourism model that allows residents to benefit economically without compromising their environmental legacy.
A Legacy of Liberty, Peace, and Independence
Costa Ricans’ love of liberty, peace, and personal independence is deeply rooted in their history, culture, and geography. From the early independent farmers to modern urban citizens, these values have shaped a society that prioritizes human development, environmental conservation, and social harmony.
The combination of education, healthcare, social stability, strong family values, and a peaceful political system has made Costa Rica one of the happiest and most stable countries in the world. For visitors, this ethos is palpable—from the relaxed demeanor of locals to the care with which the country preserves its natural and cultural resources.
Visiting Costa Rica
For travelers seeking a unique blend of adventure, relaxation, and cultural immersion, Costa Rica offers an unparalleled experience. Whether exploring volcanoes, hiking rainforests, observing wildlife, or enjoying quiet beaches, visitors are immersed in a society that values freedom, peace, and independence.
If you are planning a vacation to Costa Rica and want to fully experience its natural wonders and cultural richness, working with an experienced travel specialist—like the Costa Rica Expert—can ensure a memorable and smooth visit. From national parks to ecotourism adventures, your trip can highlight the very essence of Costa Rican life: liberty, peace, and independence.
Costa Rica is more than a destination; it is a living example of what a nation can achieve when it prioritizes freedom, social well-being, and respect for nature. These principles continue to define the Costa Rican way of life and make the country a model for the world.